Care Quality and Implementation of the Chronic Care Model Essay

Care Quality and Implementation of the Chronic Care Model - Essay Example Because of the finding that acute-care model was ineffective, numerous legislators and healthcare practitioners suggested other or additional models to deal with its weaknesses, like broadening managed care and setting up case- and disease-management initiatives, yet they by no means basically resolved the issue of healthcare provision. Wagner and associates recommended a different method of enhancing chronic illness care that included delivery of healthcare, founded on the paradigm they referred to as ‘Chronic Care Model (CCM).’ CCM was a wide-ranging reform to the quality of healthcare delivery to people with chronic illnesses. This paper chooses the topic of CCM because of its great relevance to contemporary nursing practice. It primarily puts emphasis on quite a few features of healthcare management. The provision of healthcare would shift from a traditional patient-physician relationship, where the latter entirely determines what needs to be done, to a more concerted effort between an equipped, enthusiastic healthcare group and an involved patient. The healthcare group operates within a planned environment, where care- and disease-management is evidence-based, processes are primed to monitor and assess progress, and information is communicated to doctors and patients. In this process clients/patients are actively involved, motivated to independently manage their illness and the healthcare organisation collaborates with its immediate community. The key terms used in this paper are Chronic Care Model (CCM) and the Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (ACIC). CCM states that a significant percentage of chron ic care does not occur within an organised health delivery contexts. CCM has been applied productively in some healthcare settings (Bernstein 2008). Nevertheless, according to Larsen and Lubkin (2008), there are hardly any healthcare settings that are completely equipped to implement CCM. This is the primary issue that the study of Solberg and colleagues (2006) tries to resolve. The Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (ACIC), the primary instrument used by Solberg and colleagues, was formulated to support organisational groups in determining weaknesses in their chronic illness care approach, and to assess the nature and extent of developments within their structure. The six important components of ACIC are (1) delivery system, (2) clinical information system, (3) decision support, (4) self-management support, (5) health care organisation, and (6) community linkages (Solberg et al. 2006). Even though the ACIC was designed as a handy instrument to aid healthcare organisations in upgrad ing the quality of chronic illness care, it has been applied to empirical studies as well. Method of Selecting the Article The article chosen by the author for the analysis is Solberg and colleague’s (2006) Care Quality and Implementation of the Chronic Care Model: a Quantitative Study. In finding the most appropriate article for this analysis the author used the following keywords: quantitative methodology, nursing research, and chronic illness care. The author used the databases JSTOR, Questia, ProQuest, Sage Journal, and EBSCOhost. In order to narrow the search the author tried looking for the concepts chronic care model, quality of care, enhanced care continuity, clinical outcomes, and for issues like curtailed healthcare costs and the growing financial trouble of healthcare. Numerous earlier solutions have been suggested to mitigate the healthcare challenge but they have not endured rigid assessment (Richardson 2008). The study of Solberg and colleagues (2006) shows us t hat we should be capable of presenting substantiation of the efficacy and value of these interventions instead of simply putting them into practice on the basis of assumptions. The author chose the abovementioned article due to the obvious nature of the

Why I Decided To Go To College Essay Example for Free

Why I Decided To Go To College Essay For this essay I will be giving a better understanding about how I ever decided to buckle down and get into taking college courses to get a Bachelors in health and sciences. Then discussing what kind of learning style I have most dominant and which style is my weakest. Being in the United States Coast Guard, you have to sit down with your supervisor every six month to do a personal evaluation. During the last evaluation, he asked me about college and I told him that I wasn’t interested. He told me that I shouldn’t waste this opportunity to get a cheap higher education and doing it all online makes it possible for anybody that works ridiculous hours. After the evaluation, I looked into what kind of degree I wanted. I didn’t know what I was interested in doing outside the military. So my wife and I sat down and we discussed what I could see myself happily doing. It came down to health and science or outdoor education. I figured with a better understanding of the effects of what physical strains does to the body would be a more appropriate choice. After doing all three inventories for this assignment, it showed that my most dominant learning style hands down was being a kinesthetic learner and that my weakest learning style was audible. Being a Kinesthetic learner means that the more hands on the better you will remember something. Instead of you learning with more of your ears or eyes, you retain more information through the whole body with muscle memory.† If your highest preference is kinesthetic, you prefer to be a hands-on learner and most likely love to move around frequently, like athletics, and to build things with your hands. Be grateful for your talents and also, it is important to know that most company and school environments cater to people  whose highest learning style preference is visual.† (The Center for New Discoveries in Learning, 2012, paragraph 03)  instance, in boot camp, we had lectures and seamanship class. In these lectures it would be a sit and listen to the Company Commander about the lesson trying my hardest not to fall asleep and getting the whole company in trouble. Whereas seamanship class we would interact with the Company Commander as a unit learning different types of vessels stabilities and getting hands on time about how to tie knots, fighting fires onboard a cutter, and the lighting off different types of flares for distress purposes. Having the audible learning style as my weakest means that I have a hard time sitting down and listening in on classroom discussions. After taking all three inventory test and all of them calling me a â€Å"Tactical† (Bixler, 2010) or a kinesthetic learner, I would have to agree with it. Growing up I hated going to class and not being able to move around or just staring outside waiting for the bell to ring. But now I defiantly use my kinesthetic learning style to my advantage at work. Working outside all day gives me the opportunity to exercise it. In conclusion, I have decided to go to online college to pursue a Bachelor’s degree in health and science after my supervisor encouraged me. After taking three different learning style tests, I have come to realize that I am a kinesthetic learner. This means that I learn better through physical activities rather than sitting down and listening to the Company Commanders at boot camp. I agree to the results of being a kinesthetic learner. Refrences The Center for New Discoveries in Learning. (2012). Learning styles inventory. Retrieved from http://www.howtolearn.com/learning-styles-quiz Bixler, B. (2010). Learning style inventory. Retrieved from http://www.personal.psu.edu/bxb11/LSI/LSI.htm

Effect of Caffeine and Nicotine on the Body and Mind

Effect of Caffeine and Nicotine on the Body and Mind Stacey Campbell Abstract Caffeine and nicotine are products that we are very familiar with. Both are used throughout the world and have been for hundreds if not thousands of years. They are not illegal but they are technically considered to be drugs. They affect the brain in many of the same ways that other drugs that are addictive do. Caffeine and nicotine both affect the body as well. Both substances have been shown to have some measure of benefit but they can both cause health concerns. With repeated use the body can develop a tolerance to them which can lead to abuse, dependency and addiction. Keywords: Caffeine, Nicotine, Addiction, Abuse, Dependency, Health, Body, Brain Caffeine and Nicotine – What They Do To the Body and Mind It is probably safe to assume that most people don’t equate drinking an energy drink loaded with caffeine, not being able to really start their day before their daily appointment with their first cup of coffee or using tobacco products throughout the day with drug use. Caffeine and nicotine are however, â€Å"the most widely used recreational drugs† (Julien, Advokat Comaty, 2011). When examining the reasons that caffeine and nicotine are used by so many people we find that they are both available in a wide variety of products, are affordable and are legal to purchase provided you meet age requirements for purchasing tobacco products. They also have psychostimulant properties that users find pleasurable or rewarding. Using too much of either drug can result in habitual use or dependency. This paper will focus on the ways that caffeine and nicotine use affects the body and the mind. The main reason that I chose to research this topic is that prior to this class I never really thought of caffeine or nicotine as drugs. I knew that people could crave them, experience symptoms of withdrawal if they stopped using them, and that both can have adverse side effects and cause health problems but despite having that knowledge I didn’t think of them like I would cocaine or heroin. This could be simply because I am so familiar with both. I don’t use tobacco products but my parents smoked while I was growing up. People I work with run for their smoke breaks every day. The first thing I do when I get to work is fill up my coffee mug and I look forward to a Diet Mountain Dew when the afternoon starts dragging. Being exposed to tobacco use all my life I have always hated it so I pretty much viewed it as a very harmful, nasty habit. I admittedly have a major crush on, if not a slight addiction to caffeine. I guess I just thought of caffeine as a less than ideal cho ice but because I enjoy the natural sources it is found in I continue to choose to consume them. It will be interesting for me to research the ways that the body and mind are affected by using caffeine and nicotine when looking at them from a different perspective than usual. Caffeine Caffeine can be found in numerous foods and beverages that are included in the typical standard American diet. Among other sources we can find it in our morning cup of coffee, a chocolate bar from the vending machine or a glass of tea with dinner. If we are feeling really tired or need to stay awake to make sure we meet a deadline and we don’t think the coffee is going to cut it we can run to the local drug store and find a few medications that contain caffeine, herbal supplements if we prefer something a little more natural or even energy drinks with very high levels of caffeine if we need an intense surge of caffeine to enhance athletic performance or need to be very alert (Julien et al, 2011). Caffeine gets a bad rap sometimes. While the negative attention isn’t completely unwarranted, author Jessica Girdwain suggests that caffeine may be, â€Å"the world’s best drug† (Girdwain, 2013). She supports her theory by sharing some of the benefits of caffeine. She says that consuming moderate amounts of caffeine can sharpen your mind and improve your cognitive skills by stimulating parts of the brain that are in charge of cognitive thinking, pleasure and alertness. She also claims it can boost a sluggish metabolism by stimulating the central nervous system. Additional benefits she mentions in her article are disease prevention because consuming caffeine can reduce the risk of developing diabetes and some kinds of breast cancer as it can strengthen the body’s defense systems and can trigger the release of dopamine which can decrease the chance of developing depression. She says you may also find that your workouts may be more effective and easier if you drink a little coffee just before because caffeine blocks adenosine so muscles do not get tired as quickly. (Girdwain, 2013). That all sounds like good news to me but as with most other good things using too much can be problematic. There are health hazards that are associated with using too much caffeine or using it long term. The potential for abusing caffeine is low but it is considered to be an atypical drug of abuse and it is possible for some users to show signs of dependence or abuse. They may feel distressed by the amount of caffeine they use, feel like they cannot stop using it or feel unable to control the amount they are using Because of this there has been debate over whether or not caffeine abuse or dependence should be considered a diagnosis (Ogawa Ueki, 2007) Doctors Ogawa and Ueki state that, â€Å"current cases suggest that caffeine can produce a clinical dependence syndrome similar to those produced by other psychoactive substances† (Ogawa Ueki, 2007) Caffeine effects the brain by impersonating the neurochemical adenosine. Adenosine is produced by neurons and the more your body produces the calmer you become. When levels are high enough you get sleepy. The level of adenosine in the body is monitored through receptors, especially the A1 receptor, in the brain and in the body. Caffeine is the same shape and size of adenosine so it enters the receptors the same way but rather than activating them it blocks the nervous systems ability to monitor the level of adenosine. This allows the neurotransmitters glutamate and dopamine, which the body produces naturally, to continue providing their stimulant effect while the adenosine levels are essentially on hold. So caffeine isn’t really doing the stimulating, it just allows the dopamine and glutamate to do their thing unhindered by adenosine. This effect doesn’t last forever and eventually the nervous system will prevail and the tired or sluggish feelings return so we seek out more caffeine. This is why we feel like we can’t function until after the first cup of coffee each morning (DiSalvo, 2012). Caffeine begins to work quickly within the body but it impacts everyone a little differently. Some people will experience insomnia if they have any caffeine after midday while others can have a cup of caffeinated coffee with dessert after dinner and sleep like a baby. Caffeine stimulates the respiratory and central nervous system and can cause an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. It can result in increased production of stomach acid which can irritate the stomach’s lining. It can have a diuretic effect and has been linked to osteoporosis and a decline in bone density. Heavy or prolonged caffeine use can lead to nervousness, agitation, feeling jittery or shaky and heart palpitations. Caffeine abuse can also trigger the adrenal glands to release hormones that will tell the body to release blood glucose from the storehouses. This causes the pancreas to work harder to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood glucose levels in the body (Connolly, 2000). As with other a ddictive drugs people may experience withdrawal symptoms if the decide to cut out the caffeine. They may feel a little edgy, be more irritable, be more tired than usual and have headaches for awhile as the body adjusts to not getting the caffeine fix it has become accustomed to receiving (DiSalvo, 2012). Nicotine Unlike caffeine, nicotine use is widely known to be related to numerous health problems. While Nicotine can have adverse effects it cannot carry the full blame for disease and death related to its use. Nicotine is what causes a person to become dependent on and addicted to tobacco use but the other compounds contained in cigarettes are to blame for the high level of toxicity. Nicotine can be obtained by smoking cigarettes, using smokeless tobacco products like chewing tobacco and tobacco products that are dissolvable (Julien et al, 2011). Many smokers begin smoking at a young age and continue the habit throughout their lifetime. Nicotine is easily absorbed into the body through the skin, gastrointestinal tract, mucosal membranes and lungs. When inhaled it is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream via the lungs. Users can regulate the amount of nicotine in their blood controlling the number of breaths they take, how deeply they inhale, how long they wait before expelling the smoke from their lungs and how many cigarettes they use. Nicotine is dispersed throughout the body rapidly and there are no barriers that it cannot cross and it is found in all bodily fluids (Julien et al, 2011). Nicotine differs from other drugs of addiction because it goes directly to the brain where neurotransmitters that result in gratification are produced instead of stopping at other sensory centers. Using nicotine for an extended time can affect the way the brain functions and even alter the structure of the brain. The centers of the brain that control emotions and motivation develop connections in response to high levels of nicotine. These changes make it very difficult for a person to resist the triggers that make them want to smoke. They may want to or attempt to quit smoking but smoking is more than just a habit, it is also a compulsion. The structural changes in the brain do not revert back to normal simply because one stops smoking. It can take years of abstaining from cigarettes for these changes to be resolved. This makes the risk of relapse very high (Leone, unknown) Within seconds of nicotine entering the bloodstream it enters the brain and binds to neural receptors. This calls the neurons to action. Networks of neurons that are contained within the brain’s reward center signal the release of dopamine, a natural feel good chemical. This makes the brain consider nicotine to be a positive activity, like eating or sexual activity are. Continued nicotine use strengthens this connection and the brain begins to consider it as necessary for survival as eating, drinking and procreating. Dopamine levels drop as nicotine levels do. This results in cravings that trigger the smoker to reach for another cigarette that will deliver the nicotine the brain thinks it must have. As with caffeine and other addictive drugs the more nicotine you use the more you need as the body becomes tolerant. Smokers become chemically dependent early on and the addiction grows stronger over time. Neural pathways that connect smoking to all kinds of emotions and situations begin to form. That is why cigarettes are commonly smoked almost in a ritualistic manner. Stressed? Driving? Just finished a meal or task? Just finished having Sex? Reach for a cigarette because the emotions and situations are connected and these and many others trigger the desire for a nicotine fix because they are associated with each other by the brain (Kellet, 2012) As mentioned above the thousands of compounds found in cigarettes are more hazardous to the body than nicotine itself is. The deadly chemicals and compounds in cigarettes increase the risk of many kinds of cancer throughout the body. It can weaken the immune system, lead to heart disease, shorten life expectancy dramatically, raise blood pressure, increase the risk of stroke and cause many respiratory diseases like emphysema, COPD and asthma. Women who smoke during pregnancy risk increase of premature delivery, low birth weight and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Men who smoke are also more likely to suffer from erectile dysfunction. This is certainly not an exhaustive list of the damage cigarettes can cause. (National Cancer Institute, unknown). Nicotine in and of itself can still affect the cardiovascular system, central nervous system and respiratory system negatively. Nicotine has been shown to boost working memory and performance of cognitive tasks (Julien et al, 2011). Some resea rch has also shown that it may help prevent ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Tourette’s Syndrome (Hamilton, Unknown). Even though nicotine may have some benefits it seems that the risks outweigh the benefits. Jack Henningfield said, At this point, I would contend that the cognitive benefits which have been documented are of such limited generality and low magnitude that they could hardly be considered to be clinically meaningful, except for nicotines efficacy in reversing deficits which occur during cigarette abstinence in nicotine dependent people (Henningfield, 1994). Christianity and Substance Abuse Although smoking and caffeine use are not specifically addressed in the Bible there are many passages in the Bible that urge and warn Christians to avoid treating our bodies badly. One that clearly states how Christians should view substance abuse of any kind is found in 1st Corinthians. It reads, â€Å"Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, for you were bought with a price. So glorify God in your body† (1st Corinthians 6:19-20, New International Version). It doesn’t get much clearer than that. While many Christians use caffeine and nicotine those things, especially when used to the point of addiction and abuse, would probably not be considered to be a way that we can glorify God with our bodies. Using these substances will not make a person unforgivable. They can still be saved and cannot lose their salvation if they are already saved. Freeing yourself from addiction is hard but if we a re willing to try we can find encouragement in Scripture as well. Phillipians 4:13 says, â€Å"I can do all things through him who gives me strength† (Holy Bible, NIV). The struggle may be real but the strength of Christ can help us overcome. Caffeine and Nicotine are both substances that affect the brain and body. They create feelings of pleasure within the body that leave us wanting to experience the feelings again. Caffeine can give us a much needed pick me up. It is easy to develop a habit of consuming caffeine and over time can turn into a dependency or addiction as we continue to trick our bodies into being alert and responsive. It is also easy to justify using caffeine as the risk for abusing it is low and moderate use doesn’t seem to be terribly dangerous. There are certainly worse things we could be putting in our bodies than coffee, colas and Hershey bars. Nicotine dependency can happen fairly quickly. The brain adapts to the drug and the desire to keep levels of nicotine and dopamine steady is so strong that it drives the user to keep going back for more. This is often the case even when they know fully well that doing so is likely damaging their health, could shorten their lifespan and can be compromising the health of the people who are around them when they smoke. They may wish to stop smoking but the changes that nicotine causes within the body make quitting a monumental task and if they do manage to stop using products containing nicotine the chance of relapsing is fairly high. There are products available that may help people who are trying to stop smoking. They provide nicotine in measured amounts to help people maintain and decrease nicotine levels while avoiding the habit of smoking cigarettes to get their fix. People can try using chewing gum with nicotine, patches that are applied to the skin that allow nicotine to be absor bed into the body, nasal sprays and electronic cigarettes. These products also eliminate the exposure to the 4000 plus compounds that are released when tobacco is burned (Julien et al, 2011). Conclusion Researching caffeine and nicotine through new lenses has revealed that they both act very similarly to other addictive drugs within the body. The body enjoys them and desires them. The body can become tolerant to both so users will need to use more to satisfy the cravings. They may not be illegal but they certainly can be addictive. Both can cause withdrawal symptoms if they are stopped suddenly. Sounds quite a bit like drug use and abuse to me. References Connolly, R. (2000, August 7). Caffeine. Retrieved from http://www.pe2000.com/self_help_techniques/caffeine/ DiSalvo, D. (212, July 26). What caffene really does to your brain. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddisalvo/2012/07/26/what-caffeine-really-does-to-your-brain/ Girdwain, J. (2013). Is caffeine the worlds BEST drug?. Redbook, 220(3), 90. Hamilton, W. (Unknown). Nicotine benefits. Retrieved from http://www.forces.org/evidence/hamilton/other/nicotine.htm Henningfield, J. (1994). Comments on wests editorial beneficial effect of nicotine: fact or fiction?. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb00865.x/pdf Julien, R., Advokat, C., Comaty, J. (2011). A primer of drug action. (12th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Kellett, C. (2012, December 3). The short and long term effects of nicotine on the brain. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?q=how nicotine affects the brainsourceid=ie7rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE-Addressie=oe=rlz= Leone, F. (Unknown). Nicotines effect on the brain. Retrieved from http://phillycopd.com/WP1/web-cme-resourcesintroduction/section-1-tobacco-use-treatment/knowledgecontent/nicotine-brain-effect/ National Cancer Institute. (Unknown). Harms of smoking and health benefits of quitting. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/cessation Ogawa, N., Ueki, H. (2007). Clinical importance of caffeine dependence and abuse. Psychiatry Clinical Neurosciences, 61(3), 263-268. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01652.x

Goodbye Chicken Little :: essays research papers

The name of my book is Good-bye, Chicken Little, and was written by Betsy Byars. Betsy Byars has written over fifty books for young people. Her first book was published in 1962 and since then she has published regularly. She also won the Newbery Medal in 1971 and the American Book Award in 1981. Good-bye, Chicken Little is a book written for younger readers which I consider to be an adventurous book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good-bye, Chicken Little takes place in Morgantown, West Virginia. The story is written from a modern-day viewpoint. Jimmie Little, the main character, is a typical young boy who enjoys spending time with his friend Conrad. Mrs. Little, Jimmies mom, is a widow woman who has two children, Jimmie and Cassie. Both of these characters are very effective characters all throughout the novel. Jimmie and Mrs. Little are both very likeable characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jimmie Little is scard of life. Ever since his father’s death, the world has seemed so unpredictable that Jimmie nicknamed himself Chicken Little. Good-bye, Chicken Little is a perceptive exploration of Jimmies reaction to his Uncle Pete’s death, which takes place at the beginning of the novel. Jimmies uncle is well known for his jokes and pranks. On a cold wintry day, while visiting the bar, Pete, while drunk, was dared to walk across the river which ran through town. As usual, Pete accepted the dare and wasn’t fortunate enough to make it across without falling in and being killed. Because Jimmie was at the river side when Uncle Pete began to cross the river and did nothing more than he did to stop him he feels worse than ever. This terrible feeling of guilt Jimmie has last only until a special party with his relative which provides him with the understanding to face life no matter what happens instead of running away. The novel is fast-moving a nd does a good job of holding your attention until the end. The climax of the story is when Mrs. Little all the sudden decides to have a party which will bring together all of their family that is still living.

Real Customer Service Problems

REAL CUSTOMER SERVICE PROBLEM This essay outlines what customer service really is and what are the problems associated with it. To understand these problems let us first understand how to define Customer service. Customer service is that process by which a company provides services, provisions to its customers during a purchase, after the purchase is done and even prior to the purchase. How important a customer is depends upon the deliverance of the type of product or service involved. The success of customer service depends upon the employees who can accustom themselves to what the customers want and give them a service based on that.Thus, if the customer is satisfied, the customer service flourishes. Further, it becomes important to understand the dilemmas that can be faced while serving a customer. The first real problem with customer service is this that, while serving the customer, organizations end up in a trap rather than actually giving the customer the substance of the servi ce. Secondly, the tools and techniques used to serve the customer better are misused on a wider scale. And, it so appears that these tools are used to serve the symptom and not the proper sickness.An example can be quoted here of the hospitals that people run for children. These organizations also believe in customer service and because of that they paint the walls of the children’s ward with clowns and animals and other things that they think might cheer up the kids. But what actually happened is, that rather than making the things therapeutic in nature for the children, they end up making the children scared as the children are more scared of clowns and animals than needles and medicines. Thus, here a better customer service would be to leave the walls as plain.A failure to providing proper customer service always results in a low customer loyalty, a low satisfaction of the customer and hence a bad reputation of the organization that causes a huge loss. Hence, the proper el ements in customer service lie in the fact that which parts of customer service are important and which parts are to be neglected. Also, the services should be provided to those customers who value them and not to those who do not value them. Therefore an alignment is to be maintained between the capabilities of service that are to be provided to the customer as well as the strategies of market that are being maintained.

Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives in India Essay

1. Company Background †¢ Coke – A sweet carbonated drink containing caramel and other flavoring components †¢ Invented in 1886 by Dr. J.S. Pemberton †¢ Contained extracts of Coca leaves and Kola nuts †¢ Business sold in 1888 to business men †¢ Candler acquired competitors and promoted Coca-Cola → Rapid sales increase since 1895 †¢ In 1894 J.A. Biedenharn invented selling the prepared drink in bottles 2. Company Background (continued)†¢ In 1919 a group of investors bought Coca Cola for around $25 million†¢ Robert Woodruff turned the company into what it is now:†¢ One of the worlds most recognized brands and a MNE with huge profits†¢ 1993, Coca Cola entered India through a strategic alliance with Parle Exports †¢ By now, it offers a portfolio of world class quality beverages, extending through over 400 brands 3. SWOT Analysis Strenghts†¢ Strong brand-name†¢ Global distribution system†¢ High-profile global presence†¢ Low cost of operation†¢ Broad-based bottling strategy†¢ High market share 4. SWOT Analysis Strenghts Weaknesses†¢ Strong brand-name †¢ Carbonates market is in decline†¢ Global distribution system †¢ Existing distribution system is less efficient for non-carbonates†¢ High-profile global presence †¢ Health care issues†¢ Low cost of operation†¢ Broad-based bottling strategy†¢ High market share 5. SWOT Analysis Strenghts Weaknesses †¢ Strong brand-name †¢ Carbonates market is in decline†¢ Global distribution system †¢ Existing distribution system is less efficient for non-carbonates†¢ High-profile global presence †¢ Health care issues†¢ Low cost of operation†¢ Broad-based bottling strategy†¢ High market shareOpportunities†¢ Expansion†¢ Use distribution strengths†¢ Large domestic market (India)†¢ Increasing average income in India 6. SWOT Analysis Strenghts Weaknesses†¢ Strong brand-name †¢ Carbonates market is in decline†¢ Global distribution system †¢ Existing distribution system is less efficient for non-carbonates†¢ High-profile global presence †¢ Health care issues†¢ Low cost of operation†¢ Broad-based bottling strategy†¢ High market share ThreatsOpportunities †¢ Competition from health drinks†¢ Expansion †¢ Competition from Pepsi†¢ Use distribution strengths †¢ Boycott in the Middle-East†¢ Large domestic market (India) †¢ Government regulations on Increasing average income in India production (license)†¢ 7. Coca-Cola India CSR Initiatives Focus on Environment Responsibility 8. WaterMethods†¢ Watershed Protection Community Watershed Partnership (CWP) (2005)†¢ Rainwater Harvesting Projects Kaladera plant in Rajasthan (2006) †¢ Educating Jal Tarang (a part of World Water Day) (2007) â€Å"Think Green, Go Green† Campaign (2007) Film (2007) 9. Water (continued)Achievements1. Reduced water consumption by 35% between 1999 to 20061. Reached zero water balance (2009)1. Returned all water in manufacturing processes (2010)2. Improved the livelihoods of Bottom of the Pyramid populations (BOP) (poor farmers) 10. WaterGoal: Reduce the emission of GHGs (especially HFCs and CO2) Methods 1. eKOfreshment Cooler Program (2000) 1. Converted old equipment to HFC-free fridges (2006) 2. Installed over 8500 units of HFC-free equipment (2007) 3. esKO Project (2007) 4. Enhanced energy efficiency 5. Developed Energy Management System (EMS) (2006) 11. Energy New Coke: Isdell wants to reduce Coca-Colas carbon footprint. – E. Neville Isdell, CEO 12. Energy (continued)Achievements 1. GHGs emission reduces by 75% (2006) 2. Reduced energy consumption by 640 million kilowatt-hours, which equals to 3 million metric tons 3. Increased the energy efficiency of equipment by 40 to 50% 13. FuelCoca-Cola had local operations for production, bottling, and delivery in each country of operation. Take Taiwan for example: SWIRE Coca-Cola Taiwan LTD. and its factories are in No.46, Singbang RD., Taoyuan County. 14. Packaging + Recycling †¢ Focus on 3R (Reduction, Recovery, Reuse) †¢ PET Recycling Project in Mumbai (2005) †¢ â€Å"Abhiyan – The Movement†, a film on PET recycling Methods †¢ e3 Program †¢ Redesigned trademarked bottles †¢ Invested millions of dollars on collecting and recovering packaging materials used for beverages 15. Packaging + Recycling (continued)Achievements 1. Raised the income of about 100 PET crusaders by 50% 1. Recycled nearly 80% of the PET waste (2006) 2. Redesigning of bottles saved 89000 metric tons of glass (2006) 3. Most of the packaging material was 100% recyclable 16. Depletion of Water Table Coca-Cola India depleted groundwater tables and overexploited the groundwater reserves, leaving the local communities with no access to drinking water and water for farming which was their primary source of income! 17. Depletion of Water Table (continued)Data collected by the government agency the Ground WaterBoard showed that groundwater level had dropped in the firsts even years of the company‟s operation. †¢ A sharp drop in groundwater levels in Mehdiganj near the city of Varanasi. †¢ Groundwater levels in Kala Dera have continued spiraling downwards. 18. Depletion of Water Table (continued) One report, in the daily newspaper Mathrubhumi, described local women having to travel five kilometers to obtain drinkable water, during which time soft drinks would come out of the Coca-Cola plant by the truckload. 19. Depletion of Water Table (continued) â€Å"Coca-Cola sucks India dry.† 20. Supplied Sludge to Farmersas Fertilizer Coca-Cola had seized land from farmers and discharged hazardous material and sludge in the areas surrounding its plants in India. In a â€Å"goodwill gesture†, Coca-Cola was distributing the solid waste from its bottling plants to farmers in the area as fertilizer!! 21. Supplied Sludge to Farmersas Fertilizer (continued) The Central Pollution Control Board of India found in 2003 that sludge from Coca-Cola‟s Uttar Pradesh factory in Mehdiganj was contaminated with high levels of cadmium (up to 86mg/kg), lead (up to 538mg/kg), and chromium (up to 134mg/kg), effectively making the solid waste toxic . 22. Supplied Sludge to Farmers as Fertilizer (continued)Cadmium is a Lead iscarcinogen particularly and can dangerous to children and the accumulate in results of the kidneys, exposure can be with repeated fatal. Even at low exposure levels it can possibly cause mentalcausing retardation and kidney failure. severe anaemia. 23. Supplied Sludge to Farmers as Fertilizer (continued)When confronted by BBC reporters†¦ â€Å"Its good for the farmers because most of them are poor.† Coca-Colas Vice-President 24. Supplied Sludge to Farmers as Fertilizer (continued)When confronted by BBC reporters†¦ â€Å"Its good for the farmers because most of them are poor.† The Coca-Cola company was ordered to stop the practice by the government Coca-Colas Vice-President authorities immediately. 25. Supplied Sludge to Farmers as Fertilizer (continued) The bottling facilities at Kala Dera also reported that the groundwater contained pesticides. 26. Liquid waste from the Coca-Cola bottling plant at Balia 27. Banner at >Coca-Cola Museum Major Protest Demands Coca-Cola Shut Down Plant March 31, 2008. 28. Coca-Cola India’s Response Coca-Cola India’s response to the allegations www.cokefacts.org 29. Coca-Cola India’s Response Coca-Cola India’s response to the allegations www.cokefacts.org Overexploitation of the groundwater reserves Study by National Geophysical Research Institute disapproved these allegations Decreased rainfall by 60% was the cause 30. Coca-Cola India’s Response Coca-Cola India’s response to the allegations www.cokefacts.org Overexploitation of the groundwater reserves Study by National Geophysical Research Institute disapproved these allegations Decreased rainfall by 60% was the cause Release of untreated water by the factory Wastewater management technology is among the most advanced in the world 31. Coca-Cola India’s Response Coca-Cola India’s response to the allegations www.cokefacts.org Overexploitation of the groundwater reserves Study by National Geophysical Research Institute disapproved these allegations Decreased rainfall by 60% was the cause Release of untreated water by the factory Wastewater management technology is among the most advanced in the world Supplied sludge to farmers as fertilizer Sludge is not harmful to the environment 32. AnalysisOf Coca-Cola India’s ResponseCoca Cola was attacked by different institutions 33. AnalysisOf Coca-Cola India’s ResponseCoca Cola was attacked by different institutions Coca Cola had to face image problems in the Indian and American market Consumers would lose trust in the company Loss of reputation as a socially responsible corporate citizen 34. AnalysisOf Coca-Cola India’s ResponseCoca Cola was attacked by different institutions Coca Cola had to face image problems in the Indian and American market Consumers would lose trust in the company Loss of reputation as a socially responsible corporate citizen Coca Cola’s plan: Attack credibility Refuting the allegations and calling them baseless Aggressively stressing their innocence hoping to resolve the issues 35. AnalysisOf Coca-Cola India’s ResponseCoca Cola was attacked by different institutions Coca Cola had to face image problems in the Indian and American market Consumers would lose trust in the company Loss of reputation as a socially responsible corporate citizen Coca Cola’s plan: Attack credibility Refuting the allegations and calling them baseless Aggressively stressing their innocence hoping to resolve the issues Problem: NGOs are very powerful! NGOs have higher credibility in the eyes of the general public 36. AnalysisOf Coca-Cola India’s ResponseCoca Cola was attacked by different institutions Coca Cola had to face image problems in the Indian and American market Consumers would lose trust in the company Loss of reputation as a socially responsible corporate citizen Coca Cola’s plan: Attack credibility Refuting the allegations and calling them baseless Aggressively stressing their innocence hoping to resolve the issues Problem: NGOs are very powerful! NGOs have higher credibility in the eyes of the general public Mistake Acting to fast by attacking and underestimating NGOs power 37. How Coca-Cola India should have respondedThinking and analyzing alternatives 38. How Coca-Cola India should have respondedThinking and analyzing alternatives Alternative 1: Collaboration instead of attack Coca Cola should have collaborated with the NGOs 39. How Coca-Cola India should have respondedThinking and analyzing alternatives Alternative 1: Collaboration instead of attack Coca Cola should have collaborated with the NGOs Alternative 2: Ignore Ignore the allegations and wait till the buzz goes away 40. How Coca-Cola India should have respondedThinking and analyzing alternatives Alternative 1: Collaboration instead of attack Coca Cola should have collaborated with the NGOs Alternative 2: Ignore Ignore the allegations and wait till the buzz goes away Alternative 3: PR Campaign A PR campaign that informs the American public about Coca Cola‟s efforts as responsible corporate citizen 41. How Coca-Cola India should have respondedThinking and analyzing alternatives Alternative 1: Collaboration instead of attack Coca Cola should have collaborated with the NGOs Alternative 2: Ignore Ignore the allegations and wait till the buzz goes away Alternative 3: PR Campaign A PR campaign that informs the American public about Coca Cola‟s efforts as responsible corporate citizen 42. The Plan Solution: Collaboration with NGO and PR Campaign Goal Regain trust and loyalty of customerCapabilities needed > Coca Cola and NGO have to collaborateActions > NGO has to correct their mistakes publicly > NGO has to issue an apology to Coca Cola 43. The Plan Solution: Collaboration with NGO and PR Campaign Goal Rebuild and repair Goal the Coca Cola Regain trust brand name and loyalty of customer Capabilities needed > A PR team which will planCapabilities needed and lead the campaign > Coca Cola and NGO have to collaborate Actions > Organize promotional activitiesActions (including charity work) > NGO has to correct their mistakes publicly > Hand out free drinks, coupons, vouchers at public events > NGO has to issue an apology to > Broadcast TV advertisements which Coca Cola show the good side of the company 44. The Plan Solution: Collaboration with NGO and PR Campaign Goal Rebuild and repair Goal the Coca Cola Regain trust brand name and loyalty of customer Capabilities needed > A PR team which will planCapabilities needed and lead the campaign > Coca Cola and NGO have to collaborate Actions > Organize promotional activitiesActions (including charity work) > NGO has to correct their mistakes publicly > Hand out free drinks, coupons, vouchers at public events > NGO has to issue an apology to > Broadcast TV advertisements which Coca Cola show the good side of the company 45. What is Greenwashing? â€Å"Coca-Cola attempts to manufacture a green image of itself that it clearly is not, as their practice in India shows. We call this „Greenwashing.‟ † – Amit Srivastava 46. Examples of Greenwashing †¢ In 2009, European McDonald’s changed the color of their logos from yellow and red to yellow and green to demonstrate its concern for â€Å"being green.† 47. Examples of Greenwashing †¢ In 2009, European McDonald’s changed the color of their logos from yellow and red to yellow and green to demonstrate its concern for â€Å"being green.† †¢ Comcast, a cable service company, has the slogan of â€Å"Paper LESS is MORE† but it uses large amounts of paper for direct marketing. 48. Examples of Greenwashing †¢ In 2009, European McDonald’s changed the color of their logos from yellow and red to yellow and green to demonstrate its concern for â€Å"being green.† †¢ Comcast, a cable service company, has the slogan of â€Å"Paper LESS is MORE† but it uses large amounts of paper for direct marketing. †¢ The Poland Spring’s bottles is touted as â€Å"A little natural does a lot of good†, although 80% of its beverage containers go to the landfill. 49. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ 50. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ We have implemented many environmental protective initiatives since 2000! 51. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ We have implemented many environmental Those are not enough protective initiatives even to make up for the since 2000! pollution you‟ve made in India! 52. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ We voluntarily initiated The Energy and Resource Institute (TERI) to conduct a survey on ourselves! And the survey shows we‟re doing well! 53. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ We voluntarily initiated The Energy and Resource Institute (TERI) to conduct a survey on ourselves! And the survey shows we‟re doing well! The reliability of the survey is questionable! 54. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ We’ve invested US$20million for our water conservation project! 55. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ That‟s just 1 percent of We’ve invested Coca Cola‟s annual US$20million for our water advertising budget! conservation project! 56. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ We’ve built a lot of rain harvesting sites since 2006 to recharge ground water! 57. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ We’ve built a lot of rain harvesting sites since That‟s nothing special. Rain 2006 to recharge harvesting has already ground water! been a common practice in India. 58. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ We’ve won many awards for our CSR(Corporation Social Responsibility) initiatives! 59. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ We’ve won many awards for our CSR(Corporation Conferment of awards may Social Responsibility) not be objective. It can be initiatives! manipulated! 60. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?2000 2007†¢ Coca-Cola India launched an eKOfreshment cooler that used Coca-Cola India launched a rooftop rainwater harvesting technologies to helped it curb its emission of GHGs initiative at Varanasi, expecting to recharge more than (greenhouse gases) 4,900 cubic meters of groundwater.2005 Coca-Cola India launched oa rainwater harvesting project†¢ Coca-Cola India initiated a PET recycling project in Mumbai. at Greater Kailash, in New Delhi, which aimed to recharge around 4 million liters of water every year.2006 Coca-Cola India establishment 10 rainwater harvesting †¢ In 2006, the company completed a rainwater recharge projects in different schools of Jamshedpur city. initiative at its Kaladera plant in Rajasthan. As part of the Coca Cola announced a three-year, US$ 20 million project, the company built around 110 recharge shafts that partnership with the World Wildlife Fund63 (WWF) on collected rainwater. water conservation†¢ Coca-Cola India called, ‘Abhiyan — The Movement’. The film Coca-Cola India organized a program, â€Å"Think Green, Go focused on the need for and significance of recycling PET Green† that focused on environment education. bottles. 2008 †¢ By the end of 2006, Coca-Cola India had established PET The Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd (Coca-Cola recycling projects at over 100 locations in India and built a India), was awarded the Golden Peacock award4 for capacity to collect and recycle nearly 80 percent of the waste Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for the several generated from the PET. community initiatives it had taken and its efforts toward†¢ Coca-Cola started an initiative called e3 to redesign its conservation of water. trademarked bottle, saving 89,000 metric tons of glass in 2006 at a global level. Most of the packaging material used by Coca- Cola India becomes 100 percent recyclable.†¢ Coco Cola developed an Energy Management System (EMS) that curbed energy consumption by 35 percent. †¢ Coca Cola launched an initiative called Project esKO, which aimed to reduce Coca-Cola’s carbon footprint at a global level by improving its driving and manufacturing operation to curb its carbon dioxide emissions by 10,000 metric tons every year. 61. ConclusionSo, is Coca Cola seriously doing something to fulfill its social responsibility? 62. ConclusionSo, is Coca Cola seriously doing something to fulfill its social responsibility? Yes, but not enough! 63. Summary †¢ Focus on Environmental Responsibilities †¢ Several initiatives concerning water, energy, fuel, and packaging and recycling †¢ Although, they attracted criticism †¢ Coca Cola responded to the critics Conclusion: Coca Cola is doing something to fulfill its social responsibility, but not enough! 64. Summary (continued)Obstructionist Defensive Accommodative Proactive approach approach approach approachLow social responsibility Social responsibility High social responsibility 65. Summary (continued)Obstructionist Defensive Accommodative Proactive approach approach approach approachLow social responsibility Social responsibility High social responsibility 66. Summary (continued)Obstructionist Defensive Accommodative Proactive approach approach approach approachLow social responsibility Social responsibility High social responsibility 67. Thank you for listening! Questions?